Maulana Hasrat Mohani: A Revolutionary Poet and Freedom Fighter

Introduction:

Maulana Hasrat Mohani (1875-1951) was a distinguished figure in India’s struggle for independence, known for his poetic prowess and his unwavering commitment to freedom. A renowned Urdu poet, journalist, and politician, Mohani combined his literary talents with his revolutionary zeal to inspire and mobilize Indians against British colonial rule.

Early Life and Education:

Born in Unnao, Uttar Pradesh, as Syed Fazl-ul-Hasan, he later adopted the pen name “Hasrat Mohani.” He received his early education at a local madrasa before moving to Aligarh for higher studies. At Aligarh Muslim University, he was exposed to the ideas of reform and nationalism, which deeply influenced his later activities.

Key Contributions and Achievements:

1. Literary Contributions:

   • Mohani was an eminent Urdu poet, known for his ghazals and revolutionary poetry. His works often reflected his love for freedom and his desire to see India liberated from British rule. His famous couplet, “Sarfaroshi ki tamanna ab hamaare dil mein hai,” became an anthem for revolutionaries.

2. Journalism and Publications:

   • He founded the Urdu magazine Urdu-e-Mualla in 1903, through which he expressed his nationalist views and criticized British policies. Despite facing multiple bans and imprisonment, he continued his journalistic endeavors undeterred.

3. Political Activism:

   • As a member of the Indian National Congress, Mohani played a significant role in the freedom movement. He was one of the first leaders to demand complete independence (Purna Swaraj) from British rule, a stance he advocated at the 1921 Congress session in Ahmedabad.

4. Khilafat Movement:

   • Mohani was an active participant in the Khilafat Movement, which aimed to protect the Ottoman Caliphate and promote Hindu-Muslim unity against British imperialism. His efforts helped bridge communal divides and foster a united front against colonial rule.

Reforms and Contributions in Specific Terms:

1. Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence):

   • Maulana Hasrat Mohani was a pioneer in demanding complete independence for India. His call for Purna Swaraj at the Congress session in 1921 was a bold and radical step, influencing future freedom fighters and movements.

2. Promotion of Urdu Language and Literature:

   • Through his poetry and journalistic endeavors, Mohani played a crucial role in promoting Urdu as a language of resistance and cultural expression. His literary contributions enriched Urdu literature and inspired generations of poets and writers.

3. Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience:

   • Mohani actively participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement and later the Civil Disobedience Movement. He encouraged Indians to boycott British goods, institutions, and services, and to adopt Swadeshi (indigenous) alternatives.

Trivia and Lesser-Known Facts:

• Imprisonments and Sacrifices:

  • Maulana Hasrat Mohani was imprisoned several times by the British for his revolutionary activities and writings. Despite facing harsh conditions, he remained resolute in his commitment to India’s freedom.

• Lifestyle:

  • Known for his simplicity and ascetic lifestyle, Mohani lived frugally, often seen wearing a simple dhoti and kurta. He refused to accept any luxuries, dedicating his life to the cause of independence.

• Communist Influence:

  • Mohani was one of the early Indian leaders to be influenced by communist ideals. He supported workers’ rights and advocated for socio-economic reforms to address poverty and inequality.